Platform for enabling voice commands to resolve phoneme based domain name registrations

ABSTRACT

A method, apparatus, and system are directed towards employing machine representations of phonemes to generate and manage domain names, and/or messaging addresses. A voice input signal is received using at least one computing device. The voice input signal is converted into a text representation of the voice input signal. It is then determined if the voice input signal is to be employed for use as at least one of: a domain name and a messaging address. In response to determining the voice input signal is to be employed for use in a domain name, a uniform resource identifier (URI) is generated by appending to the text representation of the voice input signal at least a top-level domain identifier. A registration status of the URI is then determined, the registration status comprising one of: registered and unregistered.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/937,436, filed Nov. 8, 2007 and entitled“Platform for Enabling Voice Commands to Resolve Phoneme Based DomainRegistrations,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates generally to audio communications, and moreparticularly, but not exclusively, to employing machine representationsof phonemes to generate and manage domain names, and/or a messagingaddress.

BACKGROUND

The use of mobile technologies is steadily on the increase, for bothbusiness and personal uses. Mobile phones are a common sight today andmany people own personal information management (PIM) devices, palmtopcomputers, and so forth, to manage their schedules, contacts, and tostay connected with friends, family, and work. Employees on the moveoften appreciate the value of staying connected with their businessthrough their mobile devices.

While a user of a mobile device may communicate with others using voice,email, or the like, communications with and/or through variousapplication services on the internet may more commonly be performedusing text messages, such as Short Message Service (SMS), InstantMessaging (IM), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), Enhanced MessageService (EMS), or the like. However, entering of text within a mobiledevice is often cumbersome and time consuming. Therefore, it is withrespect to these considerations and others that the present inventionhas been made.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the present invention aredescribed with reference to the following drawings. In the drawings,like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the variousfigures unless otherwise specified.

For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will bemade to the following Detailed Description of the Invention, which is tobe read in association with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram illustrating one embodiment ofan environment for practicing the invention;

FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a client device that may be included in asystem such as illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of a server device that may be included in asystem such as illustrated in FIG. 1; and

FIG. 4 illustrates a logical flow diagram generally showing oneembodiment of an overview process for employing machine generatedrepresentations of human language sounds through phonemes to manage atleast phoneme based domain names.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, andwhich show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments by which theinvention may be practiced. This invention may, however, be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Amongother things, the present invention may be embodied as methods ordevices. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of anentirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or anembodiment combining software and hardware aspects. The followingdetailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.

Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take themeanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearlydictates otherwise. The phrase “in one embodiment” as used herein doesnot necessarily refer to the same embodiment, though it may. As usedherein, the term “or” is an inclusive “or” operator, and is equivalentto the term “and/or,” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Theterm “based on” is not exclusive and allows for being based onadditional factors not described, unless the context clearly dictatesotherwise. In addition, throughout the specification, the meaning of“a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references. The meaning of “in”includes “in” and “on.”

As used herein, the term “phoneme” refers to a physical representationof a human language sound. Moreover, a phoneme is a representation of asound of a language independent of its position in a word or phrase.Thus, phonemes represent sounds in the most neutral form possible. Avariety of written representations of phonemes are known in the art, andas such virtually any representation may be used by the presentinvention. For example, in one embodiment, the phonemes may berepresented by alpha-numeric symbols such as employed in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), American Standard Code forInformation Interchange (ASCII) format, or the like. However, as noted,the invention is not limited to this mechanism, and others may be used.

The term Uniform Resource Identifier or “URI” refers to a string orcharacters that are used to identify or name a resource that may beaccessible over a network. The term Uniform Resource Locator, or “URL”is an example of a URI that, in addition to identifying a resource, alsoindicates a way of acting upon or obtaining a representation of theresource by describing its primary access mechanism or network“location.” The term Uniform Resource Name, or “URN” refers to anotherexample of a URI that identifies a resource by name in a particularnamespace. As used here, the term URI refers to and includes URLs, URNs,and other types of identifiers for resources accessible over a network.

A messaging address is used to identify a location to which a message isto be delivered or from which a message is sent over a network. Atypical email address is a string of the form john@example.com. The partbefore the @ sign is typically called a local-part of the address, oftenthe username of a recipient, and the part after the @ sign is typicallycalled a domain-part and may be a host name, a domain name, or the like.As used herein, messaging addresses include email addresses, instantmessaging (IM) addresses, Short Messaging Service (SMS) addresses, orany other structured format that may identify a location to which amessage may be sent over the network.

Briefly stated, the present invention is directed towards employingmachine representations of phonemes to generate and manage domain names.In one embodiment, use of the machine representations of phonemes thatrepresent sounds of a human language is directed towards avoiding use ofspeech recognition tools. Instead, a user of a computing device, such asa mobile device may speak into a microphone an intended domain name. Thehuman language sounds are received at a phoneme encoder that convertsthe sounds into machine representations of the sounds using a phonemerepresentation. In one embodiment, the machine representations may beviewed as American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)representations of the phonemes, or the like, viewable as a sequence ofalpha-numeric values. In one embodiment, the machine representations mayemploy symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and/orextended sets adapted for use within a computer device. However, theinvention is not so limited, and other machine readable representationsmay also be used. The machine representations may then be used torepresent a domain name by adding a top-level domain (TLD), such as ageneric TLD, or the like. In one embodiment, the TLD may be “.com.”However, in another embodiment, the machine representation may also bemodified by adding a second-level domain (SLD), or higher level domain,with the TLD, such as “.vox.com,” “keyvox.com,” or the like.

For example, in one embodiment, a resulting machine representation of aspoken domain name might look something like: “E1A1E2F1.” The conversionto a URI might then appear, for example, something like: “E1A1E2F1.com,”“E1A1E2F1.vox.com,” or the like. However, the invention is notconstrained to this example, and other resulting machine representationsmay also be used. Thus, the example is not intended to narrow the scopeof the invention.

In any event, if the machine representation of the spoken soundsgenerates a domain name that is not currently registered, the user mightbe provided with an opportunity to register the representation as a newdomain name. However, the invention is not limited to enabling the userthe opportunity to register, and any of a variety of other pre-definedactions may be performed. For example, in one embodiment, the user mightbe presented with domain names that may be similar to that which theuser might have intended. In another embodiment, the user might beprovided visual representations of similar phoneme domain names, fromwhich the user may then select. In yet another embodiment, the usermight be provided an audio list from which the user could also select.In still other embodiment, the user might be provided an error message,indicating that the machine representation of a domain name was notfound. In such instance, the user might then select to retry, byre-entering the audio input.

If it is determined, however, that the machine representation iscurrently registered as a domain name, the mobile device might use themachine representation as a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that maybe automatically entered into a browser for use in locating andreturning webpages associated with the domain name.

The invention is not limited to domain names being represented bymachine representations of phonemes. For example, in one embodiment, themachine representations of phonemes might be used as a messagingaddress. Thus, in one embodiment, the machine representation might beconverted to an email address, an Instant Messaging (IM) address, or thelike. In one embodiment, the user might be provided with an audio and/orvisual representation of the address, and be requested to confirm theaddress before it is used.

Although the invention does not depend upon voice recognition or otherspeech recognition mechanisms, in one embodiment, portions of the audioinput may be examined and/or filtered to remove extraneous componentphonemes. For example, where a user tends to enter extraneous soundssuch as “um,” “eh,” or the like, such machine representations might befiltered out of the audio input. Similarly, in one embodiment, the audioinput might be monitored for selected machine representations. Forexample, where the user provides an audio input seeking “the closest . .. ,” or “the best . . . ,” the invention might select to filter out suchmachine representations or use them to further refine the final output.However, in another embodiment, the invention might select to employ alocation detection mechanism, such as a global positioning system (GPS),or the like, to determine a location of the user. Then, the determinedlocation's machine representation might be automatically combined withthe machine representation of at least a portion of the user's audioinput. The resulting combination may then be used to search forresulting domain name, or the like. For example, where the user inputs“closest chinese restaurant,” the user's location might be combined withthe machine representation of “chinese restaurant” to generate a domainname, such as a phoneme representation of “chineserestaurant.inseattle.keyvox.com,” or the like.

As noted above, however, the invention is not limited to domain names.Thus, where the user enters selected keywords, machine representationsof the keywords might be used to determine an appropriate application.For example, where the user enters “call drycleaner in Seattle,” thekeyword “call” might be used to determine the application is an audioapplication. Thus, the invention might convert the audio input“drycleaner in Seattle” to a machine representation, and employ themachine representation to then identify a domain name. The domain namemight then be used to determine if there is a corresponding text recordin the domain name system for the resulting domain name. If a phonenumber is located, the phone number may then be used to call an owner ofthe domain name. Thus, while machine representations for phonemes may beused with domain names, it should be clear that such machinerepresentations are not constrained to merely domain names, and avariety of other applications are also envisaged. Moreover, by filteringthe machine representations variations of the audio inputs may be usedwithout a need to perform actual voice recognition. However, it shouldbe clear that voice recognition may be used, for filtering, and/ormodifying the machine representations and/or actions taken upon suchmachine representations, without departing from the scope of theinvention.

Illustrative Operating Environment

FIG. 1 shows components of one embodiment of an environment in which theinvention may be practiced. Not all the components may be required topractice the invention, and variations in the arrangement and type ofthe components may be made without departing from the spirit or scope ofthe invention. As shown, system 100 of FIG. 1 includes local areanetworks (“LANs”)/wide area networks (“WANs”)—(network) 105, wirelessnetwork 110, mobile devices (client devices) 102-104, client device 101,domain registrar 112, Remote Phoneme Converter (RPC) 108, and contentservices 114.

One embodiment of mobile devices 102-103 is described in more detailbelow in conjunction with FIG. 2. Generally, however, mobile devices102-104 may include virtually any portable computing device capable ofreceiving and sending a message over a network, such as network 105,wireless network 110, or the like. Mobile devices 102-104 may also bedescribed generally as client devices that are configured to beportable. Thus, mobile devices 102-104 may include virtually anyportable computing device capable of connecting to another computingdevice and receiving information. Such devices include portable devicessuch as, cellular telephones, smart phones, display pagers, radiofrequency (RF) devices, infrared (IR) devices, Personal DigitalAssistants (PDAs), handheld computers, laptop computers, wearablecomputers, tablet computers, integrated devices combining one or more ofthe preceding devices, or the like. As such, mobile devices 102-104typically range widely in terms of capabilities and features. Forexample, a cell phone may have a numeric keypad and a few lines ofmonochrome LCD display on which only text may be displayed. In anotherexample, a web-enabled mobile device may have a touch sensitive screen,a stylus, and several lines of color LCD display in which both text andgraphics may be displayed.

A web-enabled mobile device may include a browser application that isconfigured to receive and to send web pages, web-based messages, or thelike. The browser application may be configured to receive and displaygraphics, text, multimedia, or the like, employing virtually any webbased language, including a wireless application protocol messages(WAP), or the like. In one embodiment, the browser application isenabled to employ Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML), WirelessMarkup Language (WML), WMLScript, JavaScript, Standard GeneralizedMarkup Language (SMGL), HyperText Markup Language (HTML), eXtensibleMarkup Language (XML), or the like, to display and send a message.

Mobile devices 102-104 also may include at least one other clientapplication that is configured to receive content from another computingdevice. The client application may include a capability to provide andreceive textual content, multimedia information, or the like. The clientapplication may further provide information that identifies itselfincluding a type, capability, name, or the like. In one embodiment,mobile devices 102-104 may uniquely identify themselves through any of avariety of mechanisms, including a phone number, Mobile IdentificationNumber (MIN), an electronic serial number (ESN), network address, orother device identifier. The information may also indicate a contentformat that the mobile device is enabled to employ. Such information maybe provided in a message, or the like, sent to RPC 108, client device101, or other computing devices.

Mobile devices 102-104 may also be configured to communicate a message,such as through Short Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Message Service(MMS), instant messaging (IM), internet relay chat (IRC), Mardam-Bey'sIRC (mIRC), Jabber, or the like, between another computing device, suchas RPC 108, client device 101, or the like. However, the presentinvention is not limited to these message protocols, and virtually anyother message protocol may be employed.

In addition, mobile devices 102-104 each may include various audiointerfaces, such as a microphone and/or speaker system, that areconfigured either to receive audio inputs or to provide audio outputs.Mobile devices 102-104 may also include an application that isconfigured to enable the mobile user to input speech through themicrophone, intercept the speech input, and convert at least a portionof the speech into machine representations of phonemes. The applicationmay then, optionally, modify at least a portion of the machinerepresentation by combining and/or deleting portions of the machinerepresentations. For example, the application might search for anddelete machine representations of phonemes for such common utterances as“uh,” “um,” or the like. The application may then determine to whatcommunication application to send the modified machine representation.Such communication applications may include a browser, email, SMS, IM,or the like. In one embodiment, the application might determine whetherthe modified machine representation is intended for a browser. Theapplication may, in one embodiment, perform a domain name lookup usinglocal cache, and/or domain registrar 112, or other domain name service.In one embodiment, the application might further modify the modifiedmachine representation by combining it with a TLD, or higher leveldomain name, such that the modified machine representation may then beused as a URI. If the URI is a validly registered UR, it may then beused to access a web page from a corresponding web site, such as fromcontent services 114, or the like. However, the application is notlimited to treating the modified machine representation as a domain name(or subsequently, a URI). In one embodiment, the application mightinstead determine that the communication application is email, SMS, orthe like. In which instance, the machine representation might be used asan email address, SMS address, or the like.

The application, may determine the communication application based on avariety of mechanisms. For example, in one embodiment, the user mightenter selected keywords, such as “call,” “web,” “email,” or the like.The application might then search the machine representation forcorresponding keyword phonemes, and if a keyword is located, it may thenbe used to select the appropriate communication application. In oneembodiment, such keywords may be deleted from the modified machinerepresentations. In one embodiment, the application may employ a processsuch as described below in conjunction with FIG. 4, to perform at leastsome of its actions. Moreover, it should be noted that while a singleapplication may be used to perform the actions, the invention is not solimited. For example, a plurality of different applications may beemployed to perform the actions, without departing from the scope of theinvention. For example, in one embodiment, the keywords might berecognized by a speech recognition application, while other portions ofthe audio input might be acted upon using a different application, suchas described below.

Client device 101 may include virtually any computing device capable ofcommunicating over a network to send and receive information, includingrequests for web pages, or other type of content. As illustrated, clientdevice 101 may also include a microphone 101 a that enables a user toinput audio signals, such as speech in to client device 101. Clientdevice 101 may further include, within it and/or external to it, variousspeaker components that enable the user to hear sounds, including music,speech, or the like. The set of such devices may include devices thattypically connect using a wired communications medium such as personalcomputers, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmableconsumer electronics, network PCs, or the like. Similarly, client device101 may include one or more applications as described above inconjunction with mobile devices 102-104. For example, client device 101may also include one or more applications configured to receive audioinputs, convert them to machine representations of phonemes of the audioinputs, and employ the machine representations, or a modificationthereof, as a URI, email address, SMS address, or other messagingaddress, or the like. Similarly, if the machine representation isemployed as a URI, but the URI is un-registered, in one embodiment, theuser might be provided an opportunity to register the machinerepresentation as a domain name using domain registrar 112, or the like.

Wireless network 110 is configured to couple mobile devices 102-104 andits components with network 105. Wireless network 110 may include any ofa variety of wireless sub-networks that may further overlay stand-alonead-hoc networks, or the like, to provide an infrastructure-orientedconnection for mobile devices 102-104. Such sub-networks may includemesh networks, Wireless LAN (WLAN) networks, cellular networks, or thelike.

Wireless network 110 may further include an autonomous system ofterminals, gateways, routers, or the like connected by wireless radiolinks, or the like. These connectors may be configured to move freelyand randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily, such that the topologyof wireless network 110 may change rapidly.

Wireless network 110 may further employ a plurality of accesstechnologies including 2nd (2G), 3rd (3G) generation radio access forcellular systems, WLAN, Wireless Router (WR) mesh, or the like. Accesstechnologies such as 2G, 3G, and future access networks may enable widearea coverage for mobile devices, such as mobile devices 102-104 withvarious degrees of mobility. For example, wireless network 110 mayenable a radio connection through a radio network access such as GlobalSystem for Mobile communication (GSM), General Packet Radio Services(GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Wideband Code DivisionMultiple Access (WCDMA), or the like. In essence, wireless network 110may include virtually any wireless communication mechanism by whichinformation may travel between mobile device s 102-104 and anothercomputing device, network, or the like.

Network 105 is configured to enable communications between variouscomputing devices, including RPC 108, domain registrar 112, contentservices 114, client device 101, and through wireless network 110 withmobile devices 102-104. Network 105 is enabled to employ any form ofcomputer readable media for communicating information from oneelectronic device to another. Also, network 105 can include the Internetin addition to local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs),direct connections, such as through a universal serial bus (USB) port,other forms of computer-readable media, or any combination thereof. Onan interconnected set of LANs, including those based on differingarchitectures and protocols, a router acts as a link between LANs,enabling messages to be sent from one to another. Also, communicationlinks within LANs typically include twisted wire pair or coaxial cable,while communication links between networks may utilize analog telephonelines, full or fractional dedicated digital lines including T1, T2, T3,and T4, Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDNs), Digital SubscriberLines (DSLs), wireless links including satellite links, or othercommunications links known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore,remote computers and other related electronic devices could be remotelyconnected to either LANs or WANs via a modem and temporary telephonelink. In essence, network 105 includes any communication method by whichinformation may travel between computing devices.

Additionally, communication media typically embodies computer-readableinstructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in amodulated data signal such as a carrier wave, data signal, or othertransport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. Theterms “modulated data signal,” and “carrier-wave signal” includes asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information, instructions, data, or the like,in the signal. By way of example, communication media includes wiredmedia such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics, wave guides,and other wired media and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared,and other wireless media.

One embodiment of RPC 108 is described in more detail below inconjunction with FIG. 3. Briefly, however, RPC 108 may include anycomputing device capable of connecting to network 105 to enable clientdevices 101-104 to remotely convert audio inputs into machinerepresentations of phonemes for use as URIs, messaging addresses, or thelike. Thus, in one embodiment, where a client device 101-104 might notinclude an application to perform the actions described above, RPC 108may be used. Thus, RPC 108 illustrates one embodiment, in which theaudio input, such as a user's speech may be converted remotely, ratherthan within the client device. Devices that may operate as RPC 108include personal computers desktop computers, multiprocessor systems,microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs,servers, or the like.

Content services 107 represents a variety of computing devices that mayprovide information and/or services for use by client devices 101-104.Content services 107 may provide the information and/or services using avariety of mechanisms, including through websites accessible via a URI,FTP access, database services, messaging services, or the like. Devicesthat may operate as content services 107 include personal computersdesktop computers, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, network PCs, servers, or the like.

Domain registrar 112 represents virtually any computing systemconfigured and accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Namesand Numbers (ICANN) and/or by another TLD authority to register Internetdomain names. Moreover, in one embodiment, domain registrar 112 may alsobe configured and arranged to provide Domain Name System (DNS) hostingservices. Thus, in one embodiment, domain registrar 112 may also beenabled to receive a domain name, such as a machine representation of aphoneme, and determine if a corresponding network address, such as anInternet Protocol (IP) address, exists. Moreover, in one embodiment,domain registrar 112 may also receive a request from an application todetermine whether there is a corresponding phone number associated withthe received domain name, and if so, to provide the phone number to therequester. If the received domain name is not resolvable into an IPaddress, or the like, due, perhaps to the domain name not beingregistered, domain registrar 112 may then perform a defined action. Suchdefined actions may, in one embodiment, include providing a web page tothe requester that permits the requester to register the domain name. Inanother embodiment, domain registrar 112 might, for the un-resolvabledomain name, provide possible suggestions of similar registered domainnames from which the requester might then select. In still anotherembodiment, the user might be sent to a web site that domain registrar112, or another application, determines is a most likely web site tosatisfy the user's request. Such determination may be based on any of avariety of criteria, including, but not limited to at least a partialspeech analysis, information obtained about browsing history of theuser, information about the user's preferences, location, or the like.However, the defined actions are not constrained to these actions, and avariety of other actions might be performed when the domain name can notbe resolved into a corresponding IP address, or the like.

It should be noted, that while domain registrar 112 may include DNShosting services, the invention is not so limited. For example, such DNShosting services may also be provided through one or more othercomputing devices (not illustrated), in another embodiment, withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention.

Illustrative Mobile Client Environment

FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of mobile device 200 that may be included ina system implementing the invention. Mobile device 200 may include manymore or less components than those shown in FIG. 2. However, thecomponents shown are sufficient to disclose an illustrative embodimentfor practicing the present invention. Mobile device 200 may represent,for example, mobile devices 102-104 of FIG. 1.

As shown in the figure, mobile device 200 includes a processing unit(CPU) 222 in communication with a mass memory 230 via a bus 224. Mobiledevice 200 also includes a power supply 226, one or more networkinterfaces 250, an audio interface 252, video interface 259, a display254, a keypad 256, an illuminator 258, an input/output interface 260, ahaptic interface 262, and an optional global positioning systems (GPS)receiver 264. Power supply 226 provides power to mobile device 200. Arechargeable or non-rechargeable battery may be used to provide power.The power may also be provided by an external power source, such as anAC adapter or a powered docking cradle that supplements and/or rechargesa battery.

Mobile device 200 may optionally communicate with a base station (notshown), or directly with another computing device. Network interface 250includes circuitry for coupling mobile device 200 to one or morenetworks, and is constructed for use with one or more communicationprotocols and technologies including, but not limited to, global systemfor mobile communication (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA),time division multiple access (TDMA), user datagram protocol (JDP),transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), SMS, generalpacket radio service (GPRS), WAP, ultra wide band (UWB), IEEE 802.16Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), SIP/RTP, or anyof a variety of other wireless communication protocols. Networkinterface 250 is sometimes known as a transceiver, transceiving device,or network interface card (NIC).

Audio interface 252 is arranged to produce and receive audio signalssuch as the sound of a human voice. For example, audio interface 252 maybe coupled to a speaker and microphone (not shown) to enabletelecommunication with others and/or generate an audio acknowledgementfor some action. Audio interface 252 may also receive the audio inputsignal, and provide the signal to another component of client device200, such as phoneme encoder 247, or the like.

Display 254 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), gas plasma, lightemitting diode (LED), or any other type of display used with a computingdevice. Display 254 may also include a touch sensitive screen arrangedto receive input from an object such as a stylus or a digit from a humanhand.

Video interface 259 is arranged to capture video images, such as a stillphoto, a video segment, an infrared video, or the like. For example,video interface 259 may be coupled to a digital video camera, aweb-camera, or the like. Video interface 259 may comprise a lens, animage sensor, and other electronics. Image sensors may include acomplementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit,charge-coupled device (CCD), or any other integrated circuit for sensinglight.

Keypad 256 may comprise any input device arranged to receive input froma user. For example, keypad 256 may include a push button numeric dial,or a keyboard. Keypad 256 may also include command buttons that areassociated with selecting and sending images. Illuminator 258 mayprovide a status indication and/or provide light. Illuminator 258 mayremain active for specific periods of time or in response to events. Forexample, when illuminator 258 is active, it may backlight the buttons onkeypad 256 and stay on while the client device is powered. Also,illuminator 258 may backlight these buttons in various patterns whenparticular actions are performed, such as dialing another client device.Illuminator 258 may also cause light sources positioned within atransparent or translucent case of the client device to illuminate inresponse to actions.

Mobile device 200 also comprises input/output interface 260 forcommunicating with external devices, such as a headset, or other inputor output devices not shown in FIG. 2. Input/output interface 260 canutilize one or more communication technologies, such as USB, infrared,Bluetooth™, or the like. Haptic interface 262 is arranged to providetactile feedback to a user of the client device. For example, the hapticinterface may be employed to vibrate mobile device 200 in a particularway when another user of a computing device is calling.

Optional GPS transceiver 264 can determine the physical coordinates ofmobile device 200 on the surface of the Earth, which typically outputs alocation as latitude and longitude values. GPS transceiver 264 can alsoemploy other geo-positioning mechanisms, including, but not limited to,triangulation, assisted GPS (AGPS), E-OTD, CI, SAI, ETA, BSS or thelike, to further determine the physical location of mobile device 200 onthe surface of the Earth. It is understood that under differentconditions, GPS transceiver 264 can determine a physical location withinmillimeters for mobile device 200; and in other cases, the determinedphysical location may be less precise, such as within a meter orsignificantly greater distances. In one embodiment, however, mobiledevice may through other components, provide other information that maybe employed to determine a physical location of the device, includingfor example, a MAC address, IP address, or the like.

Mass memory 230 includes a RAM 232, a ROM 234, and other storage means.Mass memory 230 illustrates another example of computer storage mediafor storage of information such as computer readable instructions, datastructures, program modules or other data. Mass memory 230 stores abasic input/output system (“BIOS”) 240 for controlling low-leveloperation of mobile device 200. The mass memory also stores an operatingsystem 241 for controlling the operation of mobile device 200. It willbe appreciated that this component may include a general purposeoperating system such as a version of UNIX, or LINUX™, or a specializedclient communication operating system such as Windows Mobile™, or theSymbian® operating system. The operating system may include, orinterface with a Java virtual machine module that enables control ofhardware components and/or operating system operations via Javaapplication programs.

Memory 230 further includes one or more data storage 244, which can beutilized by mobile device 200 to store, among other things, applications242 and/or other data. For example, data storage 244 may also beemployed to store information that describes various capabilities ofmobile device 200. The information may then be provided to anotherdevice based on any of a variety of events, including being sent as partof a header during a communication, sent upon request, or the like.Moreover, data storage 244 may also be employed to store otherinformation including address lists, contact lists, personalpreferences, or the like. At least a portion of the information may alsobe stored on a disk drive or other storage medium (not shown) withinmobile device 200.

Applications 242 may include computer executable instructions which,when executed by mobile device 200, transmit, receive, and/or otherwiseprocess messages (e.g., SMS, MMS, IM, email, and/or other messages),multimedia information, and enable telecommunication with another userof another client device. Other examples of application programs includecalendars, browsers, email clients, IM applications, SMS applications,VoIP applications, contact managers, task managers, transcoders,database programs, word processing programs, security applications,spreadsheet programs, games, search programs, and so forth. Applicationsmay also include browser 245, messenger 246, phoneme encoder 247, audiofilter 248, and phoneme manager (PM) 249. It should be noted, that whilephoneme encoder 247, audio filter 248, and phoneme manager (PM) 249 areillustrated as separate applications, the invention is not so limited.For example, in one embodiment, phoneme encoder 247 and audio filter 248may be sub-components, or otherwise integrated within phoneme manager(PM) 249. Similarly, other arrangements are also envisaged. For example,in one embodiment, PM 249 might be configured to employ a phonemeencoder and/or audio filter that are remote from client device 200,without departing from the scope of the invention.

Messenger 246 may be configured to manage a messaging session using anyof a variety of messaging communications including, but not limited toemail, Short Message Service (SMS), Instant Message (IM), MultimediaMessage Service (MMS), internet relay chat (IRC), mIRC, and the like.For example, in one embodiment, messenger 246 may be configured as an IMapplication, such as AOL Instant Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger, .NETMessenger Server, ICQ, or the like. In another embodiment, messenger 246might represent any of a variety of email messaging client applications.In another embodiment, messenger 246 may be a client application that isconfigured to integrate and employ a variety of messaging protocols.Typically, messages may be communicated to another computing deviceusing a messaging address. Thus, messenger 246 may employ, for example,a messaging address as a destination address. In one embodiment,messenger 246 might receive a messaging address that is generated fromPM 249. In one embodiment, messenger 246 might display the messagingaddress for a user to confirm that the address is an intended messagingaddress.

Browser 245 may include virtually any application configured to receiveand display graphics, text, multimedia, and the like, employingvirtually any web based language. In one embodiment, the browserapplication is enabled to employ Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML),Wireless Markup Language (WML), WMLScript, JavaScript, StandardGeneralized Markup Language (SMGL), HyperText Markup Language (HTML),eXtensible Markup Language (XML), and the like, to display and send amessage. However, any of a variety of other web based languages may beemployed. In one embodiment, browser 245 may receive a URI from PM 249,for use in communicating over a network. The URI might be searchedwithin a local cache, such as data storage 242, or the like, to attemptto resolve the URI to a network address, such as an IP network address,or the like. In one embodiment, the URI may be provided to a remotecomputing device to be resolved. The remote computing device may thenprovide a result of a lookup, or the like, an error message, a selectionof similar URIs, advertisements, or the like. In one embodiment, the URImay be used to obtain a phone number associated with the URI.

Phoneme encoder 247 is configured and arranged to receive an audio inputsignal and to convert the audio input signal into a phonemerepresentation. In one embodiment, phoneme encoder 247 may receive theaudio input signal, isolate segments of sounds, and convert them into aseries of numeric values that characterize the vocal sounds in thesignal. The intent of phoneme encoder 247 is to avoid performing actualspeech recognition, and instead, fundamentally, to stop the conversionprocess of the audio input signal once the signal is converted into thephoneme representations. Thus, such output of phoneme encoder 247 mightappear to be a readable sequence of alpha-numeric characters, such as“E1A4,” or the like. In one embodiment, the conversion may employ amachine encoding using symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA). However, the invention is not limited to this representation, andothers, extensions of the IPA, or the like, may also be used. Phonemeencoder 247 may be implemented using any of a variety of encodingmechanisms, including, for example, components selected from SpeechRecognition and Synthesis APIs, such as Speech API (SAPI) by Microsoft,or the like. Thus, in one embodiment, phoneme encoder 247 may include“off-the-shelf” components, or the like, that may employ W3 C's SpeechSynthesis Markup Language (SSML), and/or W3C's Speech RecognitionGrammar Specification (SRGS) to represent voice characteristics, and thelike.

In one embodiment, for example, phoneme encoder 247 may receive theaudio input signal and isolate segments of sounds based on variety offactors, including, but not limited, to tone changes, volume changes,detected breaks and/or pauses in the audio input signal, or the like. Inone embodiment, phoneme encoder 247 may employ a table, spreadsheet, orother lookup mechanism to compare isolated segments to stored segments.In one embodiment, if the received segment matches a stored segmentwithin a defined degree of certainty, then phoneme encoder 247 outputs aphoneme associated with the stored segment. However, it should be clearthat phoneme encoder 247 may employ virtually any encoding mechanismthat enables audio input to be converted to a phoneme representation, orthe similar structure, format, or the like. Thus, these examples are notintended to be limiting in any manner.

Phoneme encoder 247 may then provide the sequence of alpha-numericcharacters to PM 249. PM 249 is configured and arranged to receive thesequence and to determine an application for which the sequence is to beused. In one embodiment, PM 249 might determine the application based onrecognition of a sub-set of the sequence of alpha-numeric characters.For example, in one embodiment, the sequence might include a sequencerepresenting the audio input signals for “call,” “browser,” “email,” orthe like. PM 249 is not limited to determining the client application bywhich the sequence is to used based on the sequence, or a part thereof.Thus, in one embodiment, PM 249 may also determine whether anapplication is currently active, receive a signal such as an iconselection by a user, or the like, to determine the client application.

In one embodiment, if PM 247 determines that the sequence is to be usedas a URI, PM 247 may generate a URI by combining the sequence ofalpha-numeric values with at least a top level domain identifier, or thelike. Thus, for example, where the sequence appears as “E2A6B3,” PM 247might append a .com, or the like, to the sequence to generate a URI suchas E2A6B3.com. However, PM 247 might also append a third or other leveldomain identifiers. For example, PM 247 might generate a URI, such asE2A6B3.keyvox.com, or the like.

In one embodiment, PM 247 might employ optional audio filter 248 tomodify the sequence by deleting defined phonemes, adding definedphonemes, or the like, prior to generating the UIM. For example, ifaudio filter 248 identifies a phoneme that represents extraneous speechsounds, such as, “and,” “eh,” “um,” “like,” or so forth, audio filter248 might be employed to remove such phoneme representations from thesequence. In one embodiment, audio filter 248 might also be used toidentify other keywords, such as “best,” “closest,” or the like, andalso delete them, or alternatively, audio filter 248 might be employedto add one or more of the keywords to the sequence in a phonemerepresentation. In one embodiment, the extraneous sounds might berecognized using speech recognition; however, audio filter 248 is not solimited, and any of a variety of other mechanisms may also be employed.In another embodiment, location information might be obtained from GPS264, or the like, and used to modify the alpha-numeric values. Thus, inone embodiment, PM 247 may employ audio filter 248 to vary the initialinput in any of a variety of ways. However, such filtering is optionaland need not be performed for the invention to provide a URI.

If PM 249 determines that the client application is a messagingapplication, PM 249 might generate a messaging address by combining thesequence of alpha-numeric values with at least a message addressdomain-part. For example, in one embodiment, PM 249 might have a set ofdefined domain-parts, such as att.net, verizon.net, or the like, thatmay be used as domain-parts. PM 249 might then select one of thedomain-parts based on a variety of criteria, and provide the resultingmessaging address to a messaging application, such as messenger 246. Inone embodiment, a user might specify the domain-part by a userselection. The messaging address may then be generated. Using theexample above, the messaging address could appear like:E2A6B3@verizon.net, or the like. However, it should be noted that otherformats might also be generated. For example, the phoneme representationmight be pre-pended, appended, or otherwise modified. For example, inone embodiment, for a voice-based messaging address, the encoding mightappear like: VOX-E2A6B3@verizon.net, where the “VOX-” might denote thatthe address was generated for voice. A mail server might then use theprefix “VOX-” to direct the message. In still another example, theaddress could appear like: E2A6B3@keyvoxverizon.net, using a third-leveldomain to indicate that the first part of the address (left of the @) isencoded. It should be noted that other applications and other phonemeformatted addresses may also be used, and the invention is not limitedby the examples provided. Moreover, PM 249 may use a processsubstantially similar to that described below in conjunction with FIG.4.

Illustrative Server Environment

FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of a network device, according to oneembodiment of the invention. Network device 300 may include many morecomponents than those shown. The components shown, however, aresufficient to disclose an illustrative embodiment for practicing theinvention. Network device 300 may represent, for example, RPC 108 ofFIG. 1. Thus, network device 300 may be considered as anotherembodiment, wherein the phoneme encoding may be performed by a deviceremote from a client application.

Network device 300 includes processing unit 312, video display adapter314, and a mass memory, all in communication with each other via bus322. The mass memory generally includes RAM 316, ROM 332, and one ormore permanent mass storage devices, such as hard disk drive 328, tapedrive, optical drive, and/or floppy disk drive. The mass memory storesoperating system 320 for controlling the operation of network device300. Any general-purpose operating system may be employed. Basicinput/output system (“BIOS”) 318 is also provided for controlling thelow-level operation of network device 300. As illustrated in FIG. 3,network device 300 also can communicate with the Internet, or some othercommunications network, via network interface unit 310, which isconstructed for use with various communication protocols including theTCP/IP protocol. Network interface unit 310 is sometimes known as atransceiver, transceiving device, or network interface card (NIC).

The mass memory as described above illustrates another type ofcomputer-readable media, namely computer storage media. Computer storagemedia may include volatile, nonvolatile, removable, and non-removablemedia implemented in any method or technology for storage ofinformation, such as computer readable instructions, data structures,program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage mediainclude RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology,CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store thedesired information and which can be accessed by a computing device.

The mass memory also stores program code and data. One or moreapplications 350 are loaded into mass memory and run on operating system320. Examples of application programs may include transcoders,schedulers, calendars, database programs, word processing programs, HTTPprograms, customizable user interface programs, IPSec applications,encryption programs, security programs, VPN programs, SMS messageservers, IM message servers, email servers, account management and soforth. Data Store 360 may be included in mass memory, while, RemotePhoneme Manager (RPM) 368 may also be included within applications 350.

Data Store 360 is configured and arranged to manage and store any of avariety of information, including, but not limited to phonemerepresentations, domain-parts, rules, client information, or the like.In one embodiment, data store 360 may be a database, a file structure,or the like. Data store 360 may store the information into a categorystructure, such as folders, albums, graphs, trees, or the like.

RPM 368 may also include remote phoneme encoder (RPE) 366. In oneembodiment, RPM 368 may also include remote audio filter 370. However,in another embodiment, as illustrated, remote audio filter 370 may be adistinct optional application. RPM 368, RPE 366, and remote audio filter370 are configured and arranged to operate substantially similar totheir client device applications: PM 249, phoneme encoder 247, and audiofilter 248, respectively. However, at least one difference is that RPM368, RPE 366, and remote audio filter 370 may be configured to manageinputs from a plurality of different client devices.

Generalized Operation

The operation of certain aspects of the invention will now be describedwith respect to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates a logical flow diagramgenerally showing one embodiment of an overview process for employingmachine generated representations of human language sounds throughphonemes to manage at least phoneme based domain names.

Process 400 begins, after a start block, at block 402, where an audioinput signal is received. It is expected that the audio input signal isthat of a human speech pattern. Recognition of the words spoken is notrelevant to the invention; instead, the invention is directed towardsencoding the signal into a phoneme representation of the signal, whichis performed at block 404. Thus, a machine representation of the audiosignal is determined using phoneme representations of the sounds. In oneembodiment, the result may be a sequence of alpha-numeric values thatrepresent the written phonemes for the sounds.

Processing continues next to block 406, where optional audio filteringsuch as described above may be performed. Such audio filtering mayinclude deleting defined phonemes from the sequence, adding definedphonemes to the sequence, or the like. Process 400 flows next todecision block 408, where a determination is made whether the clientapplication to employ the sequence is a browser or other URI useableapplication. If so, processing flows to block 410; otherwise, processingflows to block 422. It should be noted, that the invention is notlimited to merely testing for a UkI or messaging application (block422), and other determinations may also be performed for otherapplications. Moreover, in one embodiment, it may be presumed that theinput is always one type or another, and thus, decision block 408 mightbe omitted, and the relevant steps always performed based on theassumption.

In any event, at block 410, a URI may be generated by combining thesequence of alpha-numeric values with at least a top level domainidentifier, such as .com, .gov, .edu, or the like. In one embodiment,additional domain identifiers may also be included. For example,.keyvox.com, or the like, may be provided. In one embodiment, the domainidentifier(s) may be appended to the sequence with a ‘dot’ separatorbetween the sequence and the domain identifiers.

Processing then flows to block 412, where a domain name service (DNS)lookup may be performed using the browser, or other relevant clientapplication, to resolve the URI. At decision block 414, a determinationis made whether the URI is found. If not, processing flows to block 418;otherwise, processing flows to block 416.

At block 418, any of a variety of pre-defined actions may occur. Forexample, in one embodiment, an error message may be sent to the clientapplication. In another embodiment, the client application might receiveand display a list of similar URIs. In still another embodiment, theclient application might display an offer to the user to register theURI. The user might also be provided an advertisement based on the URI.The invention is not limited to these actions, and others, and/or acombination of the above actions, may also be performed, withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention. For example, on anotherembodiment, the user might be displayed a list of words that might besimilar to what the alpha-numeric sequence might be recognized as usinga speech recognition tool, or the like. Processing may flow next todecision block 420, where the user may be offered an option to retryanother audio input signal. If so, processing loops back to block 402;otherwise, process 400 may return to a calling process to perform otheractions.

At block 416, however, because the URI was able to be resolved to anetwork address, such as an IP address, or the like, the resolvedaddress may be used to communicate over the network a request forcontent at that address. For example, in one embodiment, a webpage mightbe returned that is located at the address associated with the phonemeencoded URI. Processing then may return to a calling process to performother actions.

At block 422, however, it may be determined that the phoneme encoding isdirected towards a messaging address, such as an email address, IMaddress, or the like. Thus, the alpha-numeric sequence may be combinedwith a domain-part, or host-part, or the like, to generate a messagingaddress. In one embodiment, the alpha-numeric sequence might beseparated from the domain/host-part with an @ separator, or the like. Inone embodiment, the user might have been provided with a list ofoptional domain/host-parts from which to select, to generate themessaging address.

Processing then flows to decision block 424, where the resultingmessaging address may be displayed for confirmation by a user. If themessaging address is confirmed, processing flows to block 426, where themessaging address may be provided to a messenger application for use incommunicating over the network a message. Processing then returns to acalling process to perform other actions. If however, the address is notconfirmed, processing may loop back to block 402 to allow the user toprovide a different audio input signal.

It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustration, andcombinations of blocks in the flowchart illustration, can be implementedby computer program instructions. These program instructions may beprovided to a processor to produce a machine, such that theinstructions, which execute on the processor, create means forimplementing the actions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Thecomputer program instructions may be executed by a processor to causeoperational steps to be performed by the processor to produce a computerimplemented process such that the instructions, which execute on theprocessor to provide steps for implementing the actions specified in theflowchart block or blocks. In one embodiment, at least some of theoperational steps may be performed serially; however, the invention isnot so limited, and at least some steps may be performed concurrently.

Accordingly, blocks of the flowchart illustration support combinationsof means for performing the specified actions, combinations of steps forperforming the specified actions and program instruction means forperforming the specified actions. It will also be understood that eachblock of the flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purposehardware-based systems which perform the specified actions or steps, orcombinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

The above specification, examples, and data provide a completedescription of the manufacture and use of the composition of theinvention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention, the inventionresides in the claims hereinafter appended.

1. A non-transitory computer readable storage media storing thereoncomputer readable instructions that, when executed by a computingdevice, cause the computing device to: receive a voice input signal;convert the voice input signal into a text representation of the voiceinput signal; determine if the voice input signal is to be employed foruse as at least one of: a domain name and a messaging address; inresponse to determining the voice input signal is to be employed for usein a domain name: generate a uniform resource identifier (URI) byappending to the text representation of the voice input signal at leasta top level domain identifier; and determine a registration status ofthe URI, the registration status comprising one of: registered andunregistered.
 2. The non-transitory computer readable storage media ofclaim 1, further comprising computer readable instructions that, whenexecuted by the computing device, cause the computing device to: inresponse to determining the URI is registered, employ the URI to accessa web page from a web site associated with the URI.
 3. Thenon-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 1, furthercomprising computer readable instructions that, when executed by thecomputing device, cause the computing device to: in response todetermining the URI is registered, provide the URI to a client device.4. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 1,further comprising computer readable instructions that, when executed bythe computing device, cause the computing device to: in response todetermining the URI is unregistered, create a request to register theURI.
 5. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 1,further comprising computer readable instructions that, when executed bythe computing device, cause the computing device to: in response todetermining the URI is unregistered, receive a list of URIs that aresimilar to the URI.
 6. The non-transitory computer readable storagemedia of claim 1, further comprising computer readable instructionsthat, when executed by the computing device, cause the computing deviceto: in response to determining the URI is unregistered, display a listof words similar to the text representation of the voice input signal.7. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 1,further comprising computer readable instructions that, when executed bythe computing device, cause the computing device to: in response todetermining the URI is unregistered, send an error message to a clientapplication.
 8. The non-transitory computer readable storage media ofclaim 1, wherein the voice input signal comprises a human speech patternand the text representation of the voice input signal comprises asequence of alpha-numeric values that represent written phonemes forsounds within the human speech pattern.
 9. The non-transitory computerreadable storage media of claim 1, wherein the converting the voiceinput signal comprises: isolating segments of the voice input signal;converting the isolated segments into a sequence of alpha-numericvalues, wherein each of the alpha-numeric values is configured andarranged as a phoneme representation of the voice input signal.
 10. Thenon-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 9, furthercomprising computer readable instructions that, when executed by thecomputing device, cause the computing device to: detect a pre-definedsubsequence within the sequence of alpha-numeric values; and in responseto detecting the pre-defined subsequence, delete the pre-definedsub-sequence from within the sequence of alpha-numeric values.
 11. Thenon-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 9 furthercomprising computer readable instructions that, when executed by thecomputing device, cause the computing device to: combine, with thesequence of alpha-numeric values, a pre-defined sub-sequence ofalpha-numeric values.
 12. The non-transitory computer readable storagemedia of claim 1, wherein the generating the URI further comprisesappending to the text representation of the voice input signal at leasta second level domain identifier.
 13. The non-transitory computerreadable storage media of claim 1, wherein the determining theregistration status of the URI comprises performing a domain nameservice (DNS) lookup.
 14. The non-transitory computer readable storagemedia of claim 1, further comprising computer readable instructionsthat, when executed by the computing device, cause the computing deviceto: receive a user selection of a selected one of a plurality of toplevel domain identifiers, wherein the selected one of the identifiers isused to generate the URI.
 15. The non-transitory computer readablestorage media of claim 1, further comprising computer readableinstructions that, when executed by the computing device, cause thecomputing device to: in response to determining the voice input signalis to be employed for a messaging application: generate a messagingaddress by combining the text representation of the voice input signalwith at least a message address domain-part; and employ the generatedmessaging address as a destination address within a message header. 16.The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 15, furthercomprising computer readable instructions that, when executed by thecomputing device, cause the computing device to: receive a userselection of a selected one of a plurality of message addressdomain-parts, wherein the selected one of the domain-parts is used togenerate the message address.
 17. A computing device comprising: atleast one processor; and computer readable storage media tangiblystoring thereon program logic for execution by the at least oneprocessor, the program logic comprising: logic executed by the at leastone processor for receiving a voice input signal; logic executed by theat least one processor for converting the voice input signal into a textrepresentation of the voice input signal; logic executed by the at leastone processor for determining if the voice input signal is to beemployed for use as at least one of: a domain name and a messagingaddress; and logic executed by the at least one processor for, inresponse to determining the voice input signal is to be employed for usein a domain name: generating a uniform resource identifier (URI) byappending to a text representation of the voice input signal at least atop level domain identifier; and determining a registration status ofthe URI, the registration status comprising one of: registered andunregistered.
 18. The computing device of claim 17, the program logicfurther comprising: logic executed by the at least one processor for, inresponse to determining the URI is registered, employing the URI toaccess a web page from a corresponding web site associated with the URI.19. A method comprising: receiving, using at least one computing device,a voice input signal; converting, using the at least one computingdevice, the voice input signal into a text representation of the voiceinput signal; determining if the voice input signal is to be employedfor use as at least one of: a domain name and a messaging address; andin response to determining the voice input signal is to be employed foruse in a domain name: generating a uniform resource identifier (URI) byappending to a text representation of the voice input signal at least atop level domain identifier; and determining a registration status ofthe URI, the registration status comprising one of: registered andunregistered.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: inresponse to determining the URI is registered, employing the URI toaccess a web page from a web site associated with the URI.